Retrospective Analysis of Neutralizing Antibody Cocktail (Casirivimab and Imdevimab): A Game Changer in Treating Mild COVID-19 Patients

Our retrospective study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of monoclonal antibodies (casirivimab and imdevimab) on mild cases of coronavirus disease 2019 patients admitted to the tertiary care center. A total of 161 patients were evaluated of which the test group consisted of 79 and the control group of 82. In the test group the patients had been administered with diluted 250 ml of 0.9 % sodium chloride along with co-formulated casirivimab (600 mg) and imdevimab (600 mg) solution intravenously and in the control group the patients were administered standard coronavirus disease 2019 treatment protocol. The monitoring of patients in both groups was done at least 1 h after drug infusion in the designated room. Post-treatment designed interviews were taken to evaluate the effectiveness of treatment. This retrospective analysis discovered a significant association of symptoms with the group at 48 h for injected and non-injected patients and 1 mo from the chi-square test after injecting monoclonal antibodies. There is no significant association of symptoms with the groups at 3 mo. A significant difference in the symptom distribution through different time points in the injected group and not injected group was observed. From the pairwise McNemar's test, a significant difference in the symptoms between each time in 48 h, the difference was p=0.0075 and after 1 mo, p<0.001 points in both groups. The combination of casirivimab and imdevimab could be considered a treatment of choice for vaccinated, non-vaccinated and mild to highrisk coronavirus disease 2019 patients.

Digital Eye Strain among undergraduate medical students at Majmaah University, Saudi Arabia: CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY

Background / Introduction: The novel coronavirus disease pandemic (COVID-19) has affected the world entirely. The government of Saudi Arabia adopted varieties of measures to mitigate the spread of the novel virus;one of the measures taken was to close all schools and universities across the kingdom and promoting online education. The aim of our study is to determine the prevalence of digital eye strain, the associated risk factors and the most prevalent associated symptoms among under graduated medical students at Majmaah University in Saudi Arabia. Objective(s): to study the prevalence of digital eye strain among undergraduate students in the college of medicine, and to identify the risk factors associated with digital eye strain, and to identify the preventive measures taken to avoid eye strain symptoms related to digital device use. Methodology: Observational descriptive study (Cross-sectional study) to evaluate Digital Eye Strain among undergraduate students in the college of medicine at Majmaah University, to determine the prevalence of DES, associated risk factors, and measures taken to relieve the symptoms. Data will be analyzed by researchers using SPSS version 20. Result(s): Our study showed that digital eye strain was positively associated in female gender more than male, also it was positively associated in people who have preexisting eye conditions like myopia. Regarding the incidence of digital eyestrain with the intensity, it has been shown that most of our participants had mild strain eyestrain (41%). Moreover, it was observed that headache was the most common complaints by our participants. Using the digital devices for more than 4 h/day, and takings a breaks during using the devices in frequency 60 minutes or more and not using antiglare screen were significant risk factors linked to sys strain symptoms (P<0.001, P=0.02, P=0.04) respectively .In regard the preventive measure taking to reduce the digital eye strain our study found that there was no significant association between practicing the rule of 20-20-20 and the prevalence of digital eye strain among participant using eye drops was significantly associated with low incidence of digital eye strain (P=0.01). Conclusion(s): In conclusion, digital eye strain is an emergent public health problem that is proportional to the duration of exposure to digital screens. It has also been associated with multiple digital devices among medical students most commonly iPads. Digital devices are mandatory in every institution and prevention of digital eye strains with the consequences must be included in the curriculum. Copyright © 2022 Ubiquity Press. All rights reserved.

A nationwide survey to assess COVID-19's impact on health and lifestyle in Saudi Arabia.

OBJECTIVE: Since COVID-19 outbreak, there is a lack of extensive literature on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on health and lifestyle. The aim of the study was (1) to assess the COVID-19 related knowledge and its socio-demographic correlates in individuals from different parts of Saudi Arabia, (2) to evaluate the health-related impact and lifestyle changes in the Saudi population because of the COVID-19 pandemic, and (3) to determine the perceived importance of future preparedness among residents. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted in different regions of Saudi Arabia from  December 2020 to February 2022. Individuals aged 18 years and above were surveyed from different parts of the county. The questionnaires were made available online, and the participants filled them in. The questionnaires included COVID-19 related knowledge, the assessment of the health impact of COVID-19, perceived importance of future preparation for the pandemic, lifestyles, and demographics. Likert plot, univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were done. RESULTS: A total of 616 respondents were included in the study. The majority of the repondents were female (58.6%).  36% of the respondents considered their knowledge level on the novel coronavirus as very good. 43.5% said their knowledge level on preventing the spread of the novel coronavirus is excellent. Retired people were 84% (aOR 0.16, 95% CI 0.03-0.78) less likely of higher physical activity as compared to working (≥40 hrs/week) professionals. Separated/divorced/widowed and singles were 3.65 times (aOR 3.65, 95% CI 1.34-9.94) and 2.23 times (aOR 2.23, 95% CI 1.28-3.89) more likely of higher screen time as compared to those who were married/cohabitation/common-law. CONCLUSIONS: Lifestyle in Saudi Arabia has changed significantly due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Healthy habits such as eating at home and cooking at home have increased, while unhealthy habits such as reduced physical activity, screen time have increased.

Latest trends in medical education during COVID pandemic: a cross sectional study

Introduction: Parallel to past technological revolutions, along with existing pandemic crises has made digitally assisted tools, and formats for e-learning an essential component of medical Curriculam. This current study objectives were to find out the opinion of the students about the use and efficacy of the distance learning tools during the Covid-19 crises and its impact on learning and academic achievements among medical students of Saudi Arabia. Methods: Cross-sectional study was conducted among 1021 medical college students of Saudi Arabia by developing a survey questionnaire composed of sociodemographic characteristics of participants, study habits assessment including teacher engagement and student-teacher interactions, assessment of distance teaching approaches such as availability of internet services at home, the usefulness of live sessions or recorded videos, number of hours one can attend the sessions and stay motivated, assessment of academic performance, evaluation of respondents experience and technical infrastructure, psychosocial assessment of respondents, and their coping with COVID-19 crises. Results: Among 1021 students, 503 (49%) were males and 518 (51%) females. 64% agree that distance teaching tools used by the teachers were easy to understand and use, and 55% responded that they are very much satisfied with E-learning provided by their institute. There was no significant difference observed between students on the usefulness of different approaches in facilitating learning experience except 'Self-study using text and/or video materials provided by the teacher approach' (P=0.043). Conclusion: The findings showed satisfactory results, showing that Saudi Arabia's respective medical universities offered good online support and orientation to overcome COVID 19 crises, and students found distance learning tools easy to use and understand as the support provided by the medical universities staff. Future steps would be taken based on the observed results, and further improvement would be implemented to make the learning process easier for medical students.

Awareness and commitment towards precautionary measures against COVID-19 among residents of Majmaah City, Saudi Arabia

Introduction: The continued explosive spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 worldwide is a crucial problem for all countries. Even though it is becoming increasingly difficult to stop the spread of the virus according to the World Health Organisation, countries need to enforce strict measures to minimise its effects. This study attempts to assess the awareness and compliance of the local population for following the precautionary measures against. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out at different districts of Majmaah city, Saudi Arabia. A cross-sectional survey study was carried out at different districts of Majmaah city, Saudi Arabia, and 502 individual's respondents were included in the study. Data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire for noting compliance towards protective measures. All participants were informed about the nature of the study and given an informed consent form. Data were collected and analysed using SPSS@ 25 (SPSS Version 25.0. Armonk, Newyork: IBM Corp). Categorical variables were expressed as frequencies and percentages. t-test was applied to compare mean scores.Results: There were 502 people who participated in this study, among them 260 (51.8%) were males and 242 (48.2%) females. This study highlighted that the population awareness was good and residents showed strong commitment towards coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) precautionary measures. The overall mean scores for awareness and commitment levels were 6.68 +/- 1.04 and 4.00 +/- 1.13. Conclusions: Most participants in the study had a positive perception of COVID-19 prevention and control. Residents of Saudi Arabia responded well to the threat imposed by COVID-19 and are following their government and health regulatory body's instructions. It is therefore suggested that this would also be a valuable resource for policymakers of Saudi Arabia

"LONG COVID": an insight.

We aimed this systematic review to analyze and review the currently available published literature related to long COVID, understanding its pattern, and predicting the long-term effects on survivors. We thoroughly searched the databases for relevant articles till May 2021. The research articles that met our inclusion and exclusion criteria were assessed and reviewed by two independent researchers. After preliminary screening of the identified articles through title and abstract, 249 were selected. Consequently, 167 full-text articles were assessed and reviewed based on our inclusion criteria and thus 20 articles were regarded as eligible and analyzed in the present analysis. All the studies included adult population aged between 18 and above 60 years. The median length of hospital stay of the COVID-19 patients during the acute infection phase ranged from 8 days to 17 days. The most common prevalent long-term symptoms in COVID-19 patients included persistent fatigue and dyspnea in almost all of the studies. Other reported common symptoms included: shortness of breath, cough, joint pain, chest pain or tightness, headache, loss of smell/taste, sore throat, diarrhea, loss of memory, depression, anxiety. Associated cardiovascular events included arrhythmias, palpitations and hypotension, increased HR, venous thromboembolic diseases, myocarditis, and acute/decompensated heart failure as well. Among neurological manifestations headache, peripheral neuropathy symptoms, memory issues, concentration, and sleep disorders were most commonly observed with varying frequencies. Mental health issues affecting mental abilities, mood fluctuations namely anxiety and depression, and sleep disorders were commonly seen. Further, diarrhea, vomiting, digestive disorders, and Loss of appetite or weight loss are common gastrointestinal manifestations. Therefore, appropriate clinical evaluation is required in long COVID cases which in turn may help us to identify the risk factors, etiology, and to my help, we treat them early with appropriate management strategies.

Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Indian Migrant Workers

The coronaviruses are responsible for a variety of conditions like severe acute respiratory syndrome, common cold, and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome. Recently a new corona virus that was named later as Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was responsible for an outbreak that happened in Wuhan, China. The disease that the virus causes has been named as Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) which has been declared by the world health organization as a global pandemic later in March 2020. The COVID-19 crisis is having an unprecedented impact on global economies, businesses and workers. Migrant workers are mostly from rural areas but live most of the year in cities for work. Many have no savings and lived-in factory dormitories, which were shut due to the lockdown. Indian migrant workers during the COVID-19 pandemic have faced multiple hardships. With factories and workplaces shut down due to the lockdown imposed in the country, millions of migrant workers had to deal with the loss of income, food shortages, and uncertainty about their future. Following this, many of them and their families went hungry. Thousands of them began walking back home, with no means of transport due to the lockdown. In response, the Central and State Governments took various measures to help them, and later arranged transport for them. With public health catastrophe unfolding because of the disease as well as economy, the need of the hour is to include all migrant workers in government initiatives and provide equitable access to treatment, detection and treatment measures besides economic and vocational assistance.

India’s response to covid-19 pandemic and its impact on migrant workers – a public health perspective

Introduction: The current pandemic of Covid-19 has caused havoc on the world economy and the lives of millions of people. In India, because of the diversified population, different income groups, and social habits of people, the extended lockdown has made a severe impact on the lifestyle. Aim: This article attempts to throw light on the effect of lockdown on migrant workers with regards to hardship and health. Conclusion: Daily wage earners, migrant workers are severe sufferers. Extended lockdown lead to exhaust their handful sav-ings forcing them to start their journey to hometown. The callous attitude of ruling dispensation has forced the migrant workers to start their journey on foot to reach their homes, making them susceptible to infection, accidents, and many more health-related adverse events. © IJCRR.